Category Archives: Filosofi

Free MBTI JTI Tests in Foreign Languages

The MBTI Personality Test is the world’s most famous personality test. Here is a good free version in different languages:

How the MBTI Test Works: Everyone has a four-letter type code where they are either:

1: Introverted (I) or Extroverted (E)

People who prefer extroversion use their energy by being alone and get energy by being with people. The opposite applies for introverts who get energy by being alone. Extraverts are action oriented, while introverts are thought oriented. Extraverts seek breadth of knowledge and influence, while introverts prefer depth of knowledge and influence.

2: Sensing (S) or Intuitive (N)

Sensing and intuition tells us about how we gather information. This dimension describes how new knowledge and information is perceived. People who prefer sensing (S) rely more on information and data that can be sensed by the five senses. They like data and facts. People who prefer intuition (N) rely more on what is abstract and theoretical, and they are focused on future opportunities.

3: Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)

Thought and feeling is about how people make a decision. Those who prefer thinking (T) make decisions based on what seems reasonable or logical. This is in contrast to those who make decisions based on feeling (F) – these people use empathy and harmony or considering people’s needs relative to the situation.

4: Perceiving (P) or Judging (J)

People with a preference for J appreciate plans with tight deadlines and they do not like surprises in the schedule. They expect that other people carry out tasks on time and are focused on results and objectives. In contrast, people with P-preference do not appreciate discussing plans, and it is often difficult to get them to agree to tight schedules. They are more concerned with the value of the process than the results and objectives.

More about the MBTI Test

The MBTI test is particularly useful in team building and staff development as test subjects’ profiles are mapped. In the context of teamwork, team members’ types can be inserted in a team compass so that an overview of how the team perceives the world and makes decisions can be articulated. Increased knowledge about one’s colleagues’ diversity can often prevent conflicts.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality test that has helped millions of people worldwide gain more insight and understanding of both their own and other people’s behavior. The MBTI test can be a useful tool in various developmental processes, both in relation to individual development as staff development and leadership development, but also in terms of group development. The MBTI test gives an understanding of why we as people respond differently in everyday work situations and under pressure.

Both Jung’s original theory as well as MBTI and JTI and CelebrityTypes is based on observations of the dichotomy, i.e. a contradiction between extraversion and introversion, sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling, judging and perception.
The theory has given rise to some misconceptions, such as thinking types do not have feelings, and feeling types cannot think. This is as wrong as it can be! Everyone has everything, and everyone is okay!

Calvin S. Hall’s Definitions of Jung’s Functions and Types

Extraverted Thinking Type (Te dominant)
This type of man elevates objective thinking into the ruling passion of his life. He is typified by the scientists who devotes his energy to learning as much as he can about the objective world .His goals are understanding natural phenomena, the discovery of natural laws, and theoretical formulations. The most developed type of extraverted thinker is Darwin or Einstein. The extraverted thinker tends to repress teh feeling side of his nature, and so he may appear to others as being impersonal, or even cold and haughty. If the repression is too strict, feeling is forced to find devious and sometimes abnormal ways of affecting his character. He may become autorcratic, bigoted, vain, superstitious, and impervious to criticism. Lacking feeling, the quality of his thinking tends to become sterile and impoverished. The extreme case if the “mad scientist” or the Dr. Jekyll who periodically turns into a psychopathic monster.

C. Extraverted Feeling Type (Fe dominant):
this type, which Jung observes is more frequently found in women, subordinates thinking to feeling. People of this type are apt to be capricious because their feelings change as frequently as the situation changes. Even a slight variance in the situation may cause a change in their feelings. They are gushy, emotional, ostentatious, and moody. They form strong attachments to people, but these attachments are transitory, and love easily turns into hate. Their feelings are fairly conventional, and they readily participate in all the latest fads and fashions. When the thinking function is firmly repressed, the thought processes of the extraverted feeling type are primitive and undeveloped.

Introverted Feeling Type (Fi dominant)
This type is also more commonly found among women. Unlike their extraverted sisters, who parade their emotions, introverted feeling persons keep their feelings hidden from the world. They tend to be silent, inaccessible, indifferent, and inscrutable. They often have an air of melancholy or depression. But they can also give the impression of having inner harmony, repose, and self-sufficiency. They often seem to others to have a mysterious power or charisma. They are people of whom it is said, “Still waters run deep.” Actually, they do have very deep and intense feelings which sometimes erupt in emotional storms, to the astonishment of their relatives and friends.

Introverted Sensation Type (Si dominant):
Like all introverts, the introverted sensation type stsands aloof from external objects immersing himself in his own psychic sensations. He considers the world to be banal and uninteresting in comparison with his inner sensations. He has difficulty expressing himself except through art, but what he produces tends to be devoid of any significance. To others he may appear to be calm, passive, and self-controlled, when actually he is not very interesting because he is deficient in thought and feeling.

Extraverted Intuitive Type (Ne dominant):
People of this type, commonly women, are characterized by flightiness and instability; they jump from situation to situation to discover new possibilities in the external world. They are always looking for new worlds to conquer before they have conquered old ones. Because they are deficient in the thinking function, they cannot diligently pursue their intuitions for very long but must jump to new intuitions. They can render exceptional service as promoters of new enterprises and causes, but they cannot maintain an interest in them. Routine activities bore them; novelty is their life’s sustenance. They tend to fritter away their lives on a succession of intuitions. They are not dependable friends, although they enter into each new relationship wit great zest for the possibilities it holds. As a consequence they unwittingly hurt people by their lack of sustained interest. They take up numerous hobbies but soon get bored with them, and they have difficulty keeping a job

Introverted Intuitive Type (Ni dominant)
The artist is a representative of this type, but it also contains dreamers, prophets, visionaries, and cranks. An introverted intuitive person is often regarded as an enigma by his friends, and as a misunderstood genius by himself. Since he is not in touch with external reality or with conventions, he is unable to communicate effectively with others, even with those of the same type. He is isolated in a world of primordial images whose meaning he does not understand. Like his extraverted counterpart, he jumps from image to image looking for new possibilities in them but never really develops any of his intuitions. Since he is unable to sustain an interest in an image, he cannot, as an introverted thinker does, make any profound contribution to an understanding of psychic processes. He can, however, have brilliant intuitions which others may then build upon and develop.

From: “A primer of Jungian Psychology.”

A New and Fresh Portrait of an INTJ

  • This portrait is about the INTJ personality type in Jung’s typology.
  • If you do not know what type you are, take a professional free MBTI test here.

nietzsche INTJs are independent, purposeful and resolute people. They see many opportunities and have clear and specific ideas about how the options should be implemented. They proceed to work with determination and vigor.

INTJs are very independent and once they’ve thought something through from idea to result, their propensity to implement it in their own way is ferocious. INTJs are usually strong and structured long-term “system builders” with a sense of organization. They see opportunities for improvement in all areas, both at work and in the private arena.

In the communication and interaction with others, INTJs primarily focus on their competence and on the project that they bring to the table. INTJs are are happy to discuss something if they feel that the other party is as competent as they are and that the other party may challenge them analytically. Otherwise, they lose interest quickly and pull coolly back from the contact.

INTJs have great confidence in their own ideas and vision, combined with strong driving forces to realize their goals in an independent and sometimes single-minded way. This means that they can appear as unwilling to listen to alternative proposals or views. This entails the risk that others may pull away feeling that they have hit a “wall” of stubbornness.

INTJs would therefore do well to cultivate a greater willingness to listen and a greater patience with the ideas of others. INTJs are strong in the idea phase and they are blessed with ample amounts of critical logic, but this may also lead to them to neglect the value of practical sense and reservations. INTJs can really gain a lot by clearly showing that they appreciate other people and their contributions and to express that in writing or speech more often.

INTJs in activity and work:

  • Have a clear vision and strong views on how to put it into practice
  • Have the propensity to design systems and plans
  • Like to be in a leading role
  • Have a case-oriented, demanding and sometimes harsh leadership style
  • Put great pressure on both themselves and others
  • Show great perseverance and drive to get things done
  • Fight stubbornly for their views and do not like being corrected
  • Are blind to the effect that their behavior and style can have on other people
  • Scare others with their self-confidence and tenacity
  • Criticize but rarely praise

INTJs are often independent, innovative and perceptive people with great persistence, and they are driven by their many great thoughts and ideas. They can handle even the most complex material and are skilled strategists. They are very forward-looking and excel at getting a complete overview of things. They have a good intuition, which they trust. They do better on their own than in groups, and they don’t like being told what to do. They love being exposed to different theoretical challenges. They become impatient when they are around confused and inefficient people. Other people see INTJs as reserved and ingenious originals.

ENFJ – portræt og beskrivelse

oprah300 ENFJ’er er fokuserede på mennesker. De lever i en verden af ​​menneskelige muligheder. Mere end nogen anden type, så har ENFJ’er fremragende færdigheder, hvad angår mennesker. De forstår og bekymrer sig om mennesker, og de har et særligt talent for at bringe det bedste frem i andre. ENFJ’ers hovedinteresse i livet er at give kærlighed, støtte og positive oplevelser til andre mennesker. De er fokuserede på at forstå, støtte og opmuntre andre. De får ting til at ske for folk, og de får personlig tilfredsstillelse af at hjælpe andre.

ENFJ’ers evner til at omgås folk er så usædvanlige, at de har evnen til at få folk til at gøre præcis, hvad de vil. De kommer ind under huden på folk, og de får de reaktioner, de søger fra andre. ENFJ’ers motiver er normalt uselviske, men ENFJ’er, der har udviklet sig mindre end ideelt, har været kendt for at bruge deres magt over mennesker til at manipulere dem.

ENFJ’er er så eksternt fokuserede, at det er særligt vigtigt for dem at tilbringe tid alene. Det kan være svært for nogle ENFJ’er at tage sig tid til at være alene, fordi de har tendens til at få mørke tanker, når de er alene. Derfor kan ENFJ’er nogle gange undgå at være alene og i stedet fylde deres liv med aktiviteter, der involverer andre mennesker. ENFJ’er har en tendens til at definere deres livs retning og deres egne prioriteter i henhold til andre folks behov. Somme timer er de ikke så opmærksomme på deres egne behov. Det er naturligt, at deres personlighedstype vil have tendens til at placere andres behov over deres egne, men de bliver altså nødt til at være opmærksomme på deres egne behov, således at de ikke ofrer sig selv i deres bestræbelser på at hjælpe andre.

ENFJ’er er på mange måder ekspressive og åbne, men de er mere fokuserede på at være lydhøre og støttende for andre end på at brage igennem med deres egne meninger. Når man står med en konflikt mellem selv at føre sig frem og så at lytte til en anden persons behov, så er de mere tilbøjelige til at lytte til den andens behov.

En ENFJ kan føle sig ensom, selv når han er omgivet af mennesker. Denne følelse af ensomhed kan blive forværret af deres tendens til ikke at afsløre deres sande holdninger, men altid at være på udkig efter, hvad andre nu har brug for.

Folk elsker ENFJ’er. De er sjove at være sammen med, og de forstår og elsker andre mennesker. ENFJ’er udstråler normalt en masse selvtillid og har en stor evne til at gøre mange forskellige ting. De er generelt kvikke, fulde af potentiale, energiske og tempofyldte. ENFJ’er kan godt lide, at ting er organiserede, og de arbejder hårdt på at fastholde struktur og på at komme af med tvetydighed.

På arbejdspladsen gør ENFJ’er sig godt i stillinger, hvor de beskæftiger sig med mennesker. De er naturligt hjemme i sociale udvalg, HR og hvad som helst, der har at gøre med mennesker. Deres uhyggelige evne til at forstå folk og sige lige, hvad der skal siges for at gøre dem glade, gør dem også gode til rådgivning. De nyder at være i centrum for opmærksomheden, og de gør meget godt i situationer, hvor de kan inspirere andre, såsom undervisning.

Generelt er ENFJ’er charmerende, varme, venlige, kreative og mangfoldige individer med et rigt udviklet indblik i, hvad der får andre mennesker til at tikke. Denne særlige evne til at se vækstpotentialet i andre kombineret med et ægte drive til at hjælpe folk gør ENFJ’en til et virkelig værdsat individ. Så givende og omsorgsfulde som ENFJ’er er, skal de huske at værdsætte deres egne behov såvel som andres behov.

ENTP – portræt og beskrivelse

  • Denne beskrivelse handler om ENTP’ens personlighed i Jungs typologi (også kendt som MBTI og JTI).
  • Hvis du vil læse mere om ENTP’ens personlighed, så tjek denne ekspertartikel (på engelsk).

Socrates5 ENTP’ers primære interesse i livet er at forstå den verden, de lever i. De er konstant ude efter at absorbere ideer om de situationer, de er præsenteret for i deres liv. Ved hjælp af deres intuition behandler de disse oplysninger, og de er som regel ekstremt hurtige og præcise i deres evne til at forstå det grundlæggende i en situation.

Deres evne til intuitivt at forstå mennesker og situationer sætter ENTP’er i stand til at udrette meget i deres liv. De er generelt gode til at forstå ting hurtigt og med stor dybde. Følgelig er de ganske fleksible, og de tilpasser sig godt til en lang række opgaver. Efterhånden som de vokser og videreudvikler deres evner, vil de blive meget opmærksomme på muligheder, og det gør dem ganske opfindsomme, når de skal løse problemer.

ENTP’er er idémennesker. Deres indsigtsfulde evner får dem til at se muligheder overalt. De bliver begejstrede for deres ideer, og de er i stand til at sprede deres begejstring til andre. På denne måde får de den støtte, de har brug for til at opfylde deres visioner.

ENTP’er er mindre interesserede i at udvikle planer for aktioner eller træffe beslutninger, end de er i at generere muligheder og ideer. At følge op på gennemførelsen af en idé er normalt ikke en opgave for en ENTP. Den ENTP, der ikke har udviklet sin Thinking funktion, vil få problemer, fordi vedkommende hopper begejstret fra idé til idé uden nogensinde at gennemføre et projekt.

Selvom ENTP’er er mere interesserede i at absorbere information end i at tage beslutninger, er de ganske rationelle og logiske i at nå deres konklusioner. Når de har en særlig indsigt, kan resultatet være meget kraftfuldt. En veludviklet ENTP er ekstremt visionær, opfindsom, innovativ og initiativrig.

ENTP’ere er gode til samtaler; de er mentalt hurtige, og de nyder verbal sparring med andre. De elsker at debattere og kan endda finde på at skifte side nogle gange bare for at få lidt gang i debatten.

Det mindst udviklede område for ENTP er Sensing- og Feeling-områderne. Hvis Sensing ignoreres, kan ENTP’ens tendens til ikke at tage sig af detaljerne i deres liv lide skade. Hvis Feeling ignoreres, kan det være, at ENTP’en ikke værdsætter andre folk nok, eller vedkommende kan blive for hård og aggressiv.

Under stress kan ENTP’er miste deres evne til at generere muligheder og blive besat af mindre detaljer. Disse småting kan synes at være ekstremt vigtige for ENTP’en, men i virkeligheden er de slet ikke vigtige for det store billede.

Generelt er ENTP’ere optimistiske og visionære. De har meget værdifuld viden, og de bruger meget af deres liv på at søge en højere forståelse af den verden, de lever i. De lever i en verden af ​​muligheder, og de bliver begejstrede, når de lærer begreber, udfordringer og vanskeligheder at kende. Når man præsenterer dem for et problem, så er de er gode til at improvisere og hurtigt finde på en kreativ løsning. Kreative, kloge, nysgerrige og teoretiske – man må sige, at ENTP’er har en bred vifte af muligheder i deres liv.

ENTJ – Portræt og Beskrivelse

  • Denne beskrivelse handler om ENTJ’ens personlighed i Jungs typologi (også kendt som MBTI og JTI).
  • Hvis du vil læse mere om ENTJ’ens personlighed, så tjek disse to ekspertartikler (på engelsk).

Som en ENTJ , er din primære leveform fokuseret eksternt, hvor du beskæftiger dig med ting rationelt og logisk . Din sekundære tilstand er intern , hvor du primært tager ting ind via din intuition .

Napoleon ENTJ’er er fødte ledere. De lever i en verden af ​​muligheder, hvor de se alle mulige udfordringer, der skal overvindes. ENTJ’er ønsker at være dem, der er ansvarlige for at overvinde udfordringerne og komme videre. De er drevet til at opnå lederskab, og deres hurtighed til at forstå kompleksiteten i et problem gør dem gode ledere. Deres evne til at absorbere store mængder upersonlig information, samt deres hurtige og afgørende domme hjælper dem især i denne rolle. De er mennesker, som tager styringen.

ENTJ’er er meget karrierefokuserede, og passer helt naturligt ind i virksomhedernes verden. De afdøger konstant omgivelserne for potentielle problemer, som de kan blive til løsninger. De ser generelt tingene fra et langtrækkende perspektiv, og er som regel lykkedes de med deres planer. De er utrættelige i deres bestræbelser på jobbet, og drevet til at visualisere for dem selv, hvor en organisation bedst ledes. Af disse grunde er ENTJ’er naturlige virksomhedsledere .

Der er ikke meget plads til fejl i den verden ​​ENTJ’er lever i. De kan ikke lide at se fejl, og har ingen tålmodighed med ineffektivitet. De kan blive ganske hårde, når deres tålmodighed er prøvet i disse henseender, fordi de ikke naturligt er tunet ind på folks følelser. ENTJ’er bliver nødt til bevidst at arbejde på at anerkende værdien af ​​andre folks meninger, såvel som at se værdien i ​​at være følsomme over for folks følelser. I mangel af denne bevidsthed, vil ENTJ’en være et insisterende, skræmmende og anmassende individ. Dette kan være et reelt problem for ENTJ’er.

ENTJ’er træffe beslutninger hurtigt, og er hurtige til at sætte ord på deres meninger. Den ENTJ der ikke har udviklet sin Intuition vil træffe beslutninger for hurtigt, uden at forstå alle spørgsmål og mulige løsninger.

Selvom ENTJ’er ikke er naturligt tunet ind i andre folks følelser har de ofte en meget sentimentale side. Ofte tror de dog, at følelser er en slags svaghed. Dette vil forårsage dem problemer – til tider temmelig alvorlige problemer.

ENTJ’er elsker at interagere med mennesker. Som udadvendte er de fyldt med energi og de stimuleres primært eksternt. Der er ikke noget sjovere ogmere  tilfredsstillende for en ENTJ end at have en livlig, udfordrende samtale. De respekterer især folk, der er i stand til give igen og argumentere overbevisende for deres synspunkter. Det er dog ikke alle, der tør det, da ENTJ’en er en meget kraftfuld og dynamisk person, med  en enorm mængde selvtillid og gode verbale kommunikationsevner. Selv de mest selvsikre personer kan opleve øjeblikke af tvivl, når de diskuterer med en ENTJ .

ENTJ’er har mange gaver , som gør det muligt for dem at have en stor personlig magt, hvis de ikke glemmer at forblive balancerede i deres liv. De er selvhævdende og innovative, med en fremragende evne til at omsætte teorier og muligheder i solide handlingsplaner. De er som regel uhyre stærke personligheder, og har redskaberne til at opnå de mål de sætter sig for .

Plato’s “Ladder of Love” from ‘Symposium’

Well then, she [the goddess Diotima] began, the candidate for this initiation cannot, if his efforts are to be rewarded, begin too early to devote himself to the beauties of the body. First of all, if his preceptor instructs him as he should, he will fall in love with the beauty of one individual body, so that his passion may give life to noble discourse. Next he must consider how nearly related the beauty of any one body is to the beauty of any other, when he will see that if he is to devote himself to loveliness of form it will be absurd to deny that the beauty of each and every body is the same. Having reached this point, he must set himself to be the lover of every lovely body, and bring his passion for the one into due proportion by deeming it of little or of no importance.

Next he must grasp that the beauties of the body are as nothing to the beauties of the soul, so that wherever he meets with spiritual loveliness, even in the husk of an unlovely body, he will find it beautiful enough to fall in love with and to cherish–and beautiful enough to quicken in his heart a longing for such discourse as tends toward the building of a noble nature. And from this he will be led to contemplate the beauty of laws and institutions. And when he discovers how nearly every kind of beauty is akin to every other he will conclude that the beauty of the body is not, after all, of so great moment.

And next, his attention should be diverted from institutions to the sciences, so that he may know the beauty of every kind of knowledge. And thus, by scanning beauty’s wide horizon, he will be saved from a slavish and illiberal devotion to the individual loveliness of a single boy, a single man, or a single institution. And, turning his eyes toward the open sea of beauty, he will find in such contemplation the seed of the most fruitful discourse and the loftiest thought, and reap a golden harvest of philosophy, until, confirmed and strengthened, he will come upon one single form of knowledge, the knowledge of the beauty I am about to speak of.

And here, she said, you must follow me as closely as you can.

Whoever has been initiated so far in the mysteries of Love and has viewed all these aspects of the beautiful in due succession, is at last drawing near the final revelation. And now, Socrates, there bursts upon him that wondrous vision which is the very soul of the beauty he has toiled so long for. It is an everlasting loveliness which neither comes nor goes, which neither flowers nor fades, for such beauty is the same on every hand, the same then as now, here as there, this way as that way, the same to every worshiper as it is to every other.

Nor will his vision of the beautiful take the form of a face, or of hands, or of anything that is of the flesh. It will be neither words, nor knowledge, nor a something that exists in something else, such as a living creature, or the earth, or the heavens, or anything that is–but subsisting of itself and by itself in an eternal oneness, while every lovely thing partakes of it in such sort that, however much the parts may wax and wane, it will be neither more nor less, but still the same inviolable whole.

And so, when his prescribed devotion to boyish beauties has carried our candidate so far that the universal beauty dawns upon his inward sight, he is almost within reach of the final revelation. And this is the way, the only way, he must approach, or be led toward, the sanctuary of Love. Starting from individual beauties, the quest for the universal beauty must find him ever mounting the heavenly ladder, stepping from rung to rung–that is, from one to two, and from two to every lovely body, from bodily beauty to the beauty of institutions, from institutions to learning, and from learning in general to the special lore that pertains to nothing but the beautiful itself–until at last he comes to know what beauty is.

And if, my dear Socrates, Diotima went on, man’s life is ever worth the living, it is when he has attained this vision of the very soul of beauty. And once you have seen it, you will never be seduced again by the charm of gold, of dress, of comely boys, or lads just ripening to manhood; you will care nothing for the beauties that used to take your breath away and kindle such a longing in you, and many others like you, Socrates, to be always at the side of the beloved and feasting your eyes upon him, so that you would be content, if it were possible, to deny yourself the grosser necessities of meat and drink, so long as you were with him.

But if it were given to man to gaze on beauty’s very self–unsullied, unalloyed, and freed from the mortal taint that haunts the frailer loveliness of flesh and blood–if, I say, it were given to man to see the heavenly beauty face to face, would you call his, she asked me, an unenviable life, whose eyes had been opened to the vision, and who had gazed upon it in true contemplation until it had become his own forever?

And remember, she said, that it is when he looks upon beauty’s visible presentment, and only then, that a man will be quickened with the true, and not the seeming, virtue–for it is virtue’s self that quickens him, not virtue’s semblance. And when he has brought forth and reared this perfect virtue, he shall be called the friend of god, and if ever it is given to man to put on immortality, it shall be given to him.

(From: Symposium 210a-212b).

 

Yogacara og Nagarjunas placering i den buddhistiske tradition

Nagarjunas værker blev nedskrevet omkring år 100 e.Kr. Hans nærmeste elev tolkede videre på hans ideer kort efter Nagarjunas død, men derefter må vi vente til år 500-700 e.Kr., før traditionen fra Nagarjuna tages op igen.[1] For nuværende ved vi ikke, hvorfor der er sådan et 300 år langt hul i den buddhistiske tradition, men et bud kunne lyde, at Mahayana-buddhismen i de mellemliggende år tog en drejning ud i den buddhistiske filosofis ideaistiske fase, også kaldet Yogacara eller ”kun indtryk”.

Yogacara er grundlæggende baseret på en fejlslutning. Yogacara identificerer sig selv som en Mahayana-skole, men Nagarjuna havde netop sagt, at intet eksisterede intrinsisk.[2] Således kan det derfor kun være forkert, når Yogacara-skolen siger, at sindsindtryk har en objektiv egeneksistens og en natur, som udgør virkelighedens eneste bestanddel.

Yogacara siger, at det eneste, som virkelig eksisterer, er sindsindtryk. Vi antager konventionelt, at sindsindtryk kun kan eksistere i samspil med fysiske objekter, men her mener Yogacara, at disse objekter er fundamentalt uvirkelige. F.eks. kunne du drømme, at du havde tilbragt en hed nat i selskab med en mystisk og eksotisk kvinde. Men kvinden eksisterede ikke i virkeligheden. Denne analogi nærmer sig det, som Yogacara mener, er alle sindsindtryks ontologiske status. For Yogacara-skolen gælder det, at kun sindsindtrykkene er grundlæggende virkelige.

Den tyske filosof Immanuel Kant og Yogacara-skolen startede således på samme grundlag: Ideaismen: Det eneste, vi selv har adgang til, er, hvad der foregår inde i vores egne hoveder. Vi kan ikke vide det mindste om, hvad der foregår uafhængigt af bevidstheden, og hvordan det ser ud, uden at det er passeret gennem det filter, som vores bevidsthed udgør.[2] Men hvor Kant konkluderede, at der måtte blive nødt til at være en verden derude i en eller anden form, sådan at der kunne eksistere en subjekt-objekt dualisme, så konkluderede Yogacara-skolens tænkere i stedet, at der netop ikke eksisterede noget andet end sindsindtryk, og at det blot var en grundlæggende vrangforestilling, en forkert anskuelsesmåde, der fik os til at tænke i subjekt-objekt og sind-materie-dualismer- for en Yogacara er det eneste, der eksisterer, en række sindsindtryk.


[1] Siderits: Buddhism as Philosophy – Ashgate Publishing 2007 s. 180

[2] Siderits: Buddhism as Philosophy – Ashgate Publishing 2007 s. 190