Category Archives: Psykologi

Socialistisk, konservativ og liberalistisk moral

Af Ryan Smith

De seneste års forskning i samfundsvidenskaberne har budt på en række undersøgelser af, hvorfor vi er så politisk forskellige. En række studier, udført af Jonathan Haidt, Ravi Iyer, Spassena Koleva, m.fl., har således vist, at vi fødes med en tilbøjelighed til at indtage et bestemt politisk ståsted som voksne. Og endnu mere opsigtsvækkende, så har forskningen også vist, at vores syn på politik hænger sammen med vores opfattelse af moral i øvrigt.

Vi mangler endnu et omfattende nærstudium af Danmark. Men skulle man anvende de nylige konklusioner i en dansk kontekst, så ville de sikkert se sådan her ud.

SOCIALISTISKE SANNE. Den socialistiske vælger er typisk en kvinde, som arbejder i den offentlige sektor. Følelserne vejer tungere end fornuften, når der skal træffes beslutninger, og tolerancen for forskellighed ligger højere, end den gør hos konservativt sindede vælgere. Sanne er venligt stemt over for indvandring, multikultur og eksperimenterende teater.

Sannes moral tilsiger, at det er en moralsk pligt at drage omsorg for ens medmennesker. For Sanne er næstekærligheden altså mere end blot en personlig forpligtigelse. Som Sanne ser det, er det fællesskabets pligt at tage sig af de svageste. Folk, som nægter at hjælpe de svage eller som ikke deler Sannes politiske prioriteringer, er derfor ikke blot politiske modstandere, men decideret dårlige mennesker i Sannes optik.

For Sanne var det også denne omsorgspligt, som gjorde, at hun var på ”dialogens,” ”forståelsens” og ”tolerancens” side, da de danske ambassader stod i brand under Muhammed-krisen i 2005. Hun kunne da umuligt holde med Jyllands-Posten, som med sin hån og mobning havde overtrådt det moralske bud om at udvise omsorg for ens medmennesker. Foruden omsorgspligten, så er der også en supplerende pligt i Sannes moralske univers, som er, at goderne i et samfund skal fordeles retfærdigt.

Sanne siger ”retfærdigt,” men egentlig mener hun ”ligeligt.” Når Sanne hører om bankernes millionbonusser, så siger hendes moral hende, at der helt sikkert er tale om snyd og sikkert også om udnyttelse af de svage. Set gennem Sannes optik er det derfor en oplagt idé med en millionærskat, for millionærer er jo selve beviset på, at goderne i samfundet er uretfærdigt fordelt. Og desuden giver det ikke mening for Sanne, at én persons arbejde kan være det samme værd som 20 almindelige menneskers.

KONSERVATIVE KARSTEN. Den konservative vælger er fortrinsvis af hankøn, men kvinderne er bestemt også repræsenteret. Den konservative er fortrinsvis ansat i det private, men kan også gøre karriere i det offentlige. I modsætning til Sanne, som prioriterede følelserne over fornuften, så blander den konservative typisk følelser og fornuft mere ligeligt. Samtidig er Karsten dog karakteriseret ved, at hans tolerance for ”dialog” og ”mangfoldighed” ligger noget lavere end Sannes.

Det første bud i den konservative kernevælgers moral er derfor, at det er en moralsk pligt at værne om sin nation og kulturarv.

Karsten kan godt lide, når folk taler dansk, og når kunst ligner noget. Derfor er Karsten også kritisk over for indvandringen, multikultur og postmoderne teater (hvad ligner det også, at Det Kongelige lægger scene til, at voksne mennesker taler babysprog til hinanden?). Konservative Karsten er altså kritisk over for de ting, som Socialistiske Sanne godt kan lide. Omvendt sætter Karsten dog stor pris på de ting, som Sanne er indifferent overfor: Kongehuset, Folkekirken, og guldaldermalerne.

Mens Sanne stod på arabernes side under Muhammed-krisen, så støttede Karsten sit land. Sådan var det i øvrigt også med Irak-krigen før det, hvor Sanne var imod, mens Karsten var for. Karsten havde måske sin tvivl, men han støttede sit land og sin statsminister.

LIBERALE LARS. Den liberale vælger arbejder overvejende i den private sektor, og han er så godt som altid en mand. Ifølge nogle undersøgelser er skævheden i den liberale lejr så overvældende, at der findes helt op til 15 Liberale Lars’er for hver Liberal Linda. Abstraktionsevner og rationalitet er i top hos de liberale, men følelserne spiller ingen videre rolle for deres syn på politik. Lars er den sjældneste af de tre politiske grundtyper, men samtidig er hans moral også den simpleste.

Den siger, at det er en moralsk pligt ikke at begrænse andre menneskers frihed, så længe de ikke selv begrænser andres frihed.

Hvad vil det sige at begrænse andres frihed? Jo, når Sanne synes, at topskatten er en brandgod idé, ”fordi de bredeste skuldre skal bære det tungeste læs”, så er det i Lars’ øjne en begrænsning af andres frihed til selv at råde over de penge, som de tjener. Og når Karsten siger, at vi bliver nødt til at forbyde prostitution og begrænse homoseksuelles rettigheder af hensyn til ”sammenhængskraften” i samfundet, så begrænser det de menneskers frihed, som måske har mere lyst til at “hænge sammen” på andre måder end dem, som Karsten og hans meningsfæller foretrækker.

Hvis vi således antager, at Sanne, Karsten og Lars er politiske grundtyper, som til en vis grad er medfødte og som ikke kan debatteres væk, så har vi brug for et fælles sæt spilleregler, som alle kan enes om.

Det er her, at Karsten og Sanne kommer til kort. For Sanne kan ikke tvinge de danske aviser til at holde igen med de tegninger, som efter hendes mening håner en minoritet. Hun kan heller ikke tvinge private virksomheder til at give alle de ansatte lige meget i løn eller til at se vindmøller og økologi i samme favorable lys, som hun selv gør.

Karsten kan ikke forhindre McDonald’s i at slå portene op på Kongens Nytorv, selv om det efter hans mening er en skændsel, at de gør det. Han kan heller ikke forhindre den fortsatte udhuling af Folkekirken, hidført af kulturradikalisme og faldende medlemstal. Tabloidbladenes nærgående behandling af Kongehuset, hvor royale i stigende grad behandles som reality-stjerner, kan Karsten heller ikke forhindre, uanset hvor gerne han ville.

Hverken Sannes eller Karstens værdisæt kan rumme andre typer moral end deres egen. Hvis deres moral skal virke, så skal deres moral være alles moral. Både Sannes og Karstens moral er således kollektivistisk (om end Karstens mest er kollektivistisk på værdipolitikken).

Hvis politiske grundtyper findes, og de til en vis grad er medfødte, så er Sannes og Karstens tilgange i sidste ende blot en slags særinteresser, som de vil trække ned over hovedet på andre. Det er fint at have en identitet, men det er ikke okay at ville udmønte sin identitet – sine særinteresser – i lovgivningen, som per definition skal gælde for alle.

Derimod kan den frihedsbårne tilgang til politik, som Lars står for, snildt rumme både Karstens og Sannes moral: Lars’ moral er nemlig en individualistisk moral. Den kan sagtens acceptere, at Sanne og Karsten har særinteresser, bare de ikke begrænser andres frihed derved. Lars har ikke noget imod, at Sanne dyrker sin multikultur, dialog og mangfoldighed, så længe hun gør det for egen regning. Og Lars har heller ikke noget imod, at Karsten diskriminerer til fordel for sin egen kultur og religion, så længe han ikke forlanger af andre, at de skal tage del i hans diskrimination. Sanne vil jo hellere høre World-musik, mens Lars foretrækker at nærstudere The Federalist Papers.

Den simple lektie er den, at frihed altid er frihed for andre til at gøre noget, som vi ikke nødvendigvis selv ville have gjort. Denne frihed er hverken rød eller blå. Den er farveløs, og den er det eneste, som kan sikre de tre grundtypers fredelige sameksistens.

Marie-Louise von Franz on the Shadow Side of Introverts and Extroverts

This post is about Introverts and Extroverts in the MBTI system. If you don’t know you type, consider taking an online, free MBTI test.

“If an extravert falls into his introversion, it will be especially genuine and especially pure and deep. Extraverts are often so proud of this that they boast loudly about what great introverts they are. They try to make it a feather in their cap – which is typically extraverted again – and thereby ruin the whole thing. But actually, if they do not spoil it with vanity, you can see that they can have a much more childlike, naive, pure and really genuine introversion than introverts. Just as an introvert, if he wakes up to his inferior extraversion can spread a glow of life and make life in his surroundings into a symbolic festival, better than any extravert! He can give outer life a depth of symbolic meaning and a feeling of life as a magic feast which the extravert cannot. If an extravert goes to a party he is ready to say that everybody is marvelous and, “Come on, let’s get this party going!” But that is a technique and like that the party never really reaches magical depth, or very rarely; it remains on the level of the amiable surface. But if an introvert can come out with his extraversion in the right way, he can create an atmosphere where outside things become symbolic: drinking a glass of wine with a friend becomes something like a communion, and so on.” – Marie-Loiuse von Franz, Lectures on Jung’s Typology

Myers on Introversion: The Allegory of the General and the Tent

This post is about Introverts and Extroverts in the MBTI system. If you don’t know you type, here is a free MBTI test.

If people do not realize that there is a General in the tent who far outranks the Aide they have met, they may easily assume that the Aide is in sole charge. This is a regrettable mistake. It leads not only to an underestimation of the introvert’s abilities, but also to an incomplete understanding of his wishes, plans, and point of view. The only source for such inside information is the General.

A cardinal precaution in dealing with introverts, therefore, is not to assume, just from ordinary contact, that they have revealed what really matters to them. Whenever there is a decision to be made that involves introverts, they should be told about it as fully as possible. If the matter is important to them, the General will come out of the tent and reveal a number of new things, and the ultimate decision will have a better chance of being right.” – Isabel Myers, Gifts Differing p. 13

Now, as Isabel Myers explains, a person deals with the outside world by calling on the extroverted function out of one’s two top functions which are to be conceived as the ‘General’ (dominant) and his ‘Aide’ (auxiliary). When the extroverted function is dominant, the General stands out in the open, ready to do business in direct interaction with the world, relying on the help of the Aide sitting and working inside a tent. When the introverted function is dominant, the General sits inside the tent himself, not to be disturbed unless there is something outside the tent which the Aide cannot handle. So an ESFP and an ISFP will both use Extroverted Sensing when engaging others, while Introverted Feeling will be something they are aware of on the inside. The question is which function is the General and which is the Aide.

When it is the Aide who is extroverted (standing outside the tent), it tends to be obvious that the Aide is not as important and efficient in dealing with the outside world as a General would be. The Aide does not have authority to act very much, but continually has to go into the tent to ask the General for authorization (and sometimes the General does not want to bother with the matter, or otherwise the moment has passed, and the people who wanted to do business are gone by the time the Aide gets back out there, so the Aide frequently ends up not having anything to offer the outside world).

The point is that the extrovert does not have the same kind of gauge for the effectiveness of the activity inside the tent. He does not have access to other people’s psyche and does not know how much more a General in the tent gets done than the Aide in his own tent. And because the Aide frequently has important information for him, he tends to respect and value his Aide. What he takes for granted is the effectiveness of his dominant function – the General.

Kritik af Russell Brands ønske om socialistik revolution

Efter at have set  set Russell Brands video mangler man svar på, hvad berettigelsen for den massive omfordeling, som han ønsker, er. Det siger Brad ikke rigtigt. Han snakker om udnyttelse af de fattige, men det er jo empirisk bevist, at økonomien ikke er et nulsumsspil. Altså A bliver ikke nødvendigvis udnyttet eller fattigere af, at B er milliardær.

Eller er berettigelsen, at det føles uretfærdigt, at nogle har mere end andre? I så fald bør man huske på Karl Poppers formaning om intuitioner:

“[Intuitions] can never serve to establish the truth of any idea or theory, however strongly somebody may feel that it must be true, or that it is ‘self-evident’. … Someone else may have just as strong an intuition that the same [thing] is false.”

Eller er berettigelsen den, at det er biologisk givet, at ulighed er dårligt? Jeg husker for nogle måneder siden, da mange af mine røde venner sendte en video rundt med aber, der reagerede meget negativt på at være med i et eksperiment, hvor nogle aber fik flere godter end andre. Der er med andre ord et godt case for, at det er biologisk-evolutionært ubehageligt for mange mennesker at opleve, at nogle har mere rigdom end andre. Men som Hume sagde, så kan man jo ikke slutte fra, at tingene er sådan, til at de så bør korrigeres med lovgivning.

Hvis berettigelsen for den massive omfordeling han ønsker sig er, at uretfærdighedsfølelsen er biologisk givet, så er det en instans af den naturalistiske fejlslutning. E.g. der er også folk, for hvem det føles uretfærdigt, at Keith Richards kan komme i seng med en ny kvinde hver dag, og de ikke kan.

Så hvad er egentlig berettigelsen?

The ENFP Personality

29 Points Concerning the ENFP Personality Type
Click here to take a free MBTI test.

  1. To onlookers, the ENFP may seem directionless and without purpose, but ENFPs are actually quite consistent, in that they have a strong sense of values which they live with throughout their lives.
  2. ENFPs need to take time alone to center themselves, and make sure they are moving in a direction which is in sync with their values.
  3. Emotional excitement is usually an important part of the ENFP’s life.
  4. Because ENFPs live in the world of exciting possibilities, they see the details of everyday life as trivial drudgery.
  5. Once an ENFP has learned to balance their need to be true to themselves with their need for acceptance, they excel at bringing out the best in others, and are typically well-liked.
  6. Many ENFPs have a basic joy of living.
  7. ENFPs who have not learned to follow through may have a difficult time remaining happy in the workplace.
  8. ENFPs are charming, ingenuous, risk-taking, sensitive, people-oriented individuals with capabilities ranging across a broad spectrum.
  9. An ENFP needs to feel that they are living their lives as their true Self, walking in step with what they believe is right.
  10. ENFPs like excitement in their lives, and are best matched with individuals who are comfortable with change and new experiences.
  11. Having an ENFP parent can be a fun-filled experience, but may be stressful at times for children with strong Sensing or Judging tendancies.
  12. Such children may see the ENFP parent as inconsistent and difficult to understand, as the children are pulled along in the whirlwind of the ENFP.
  13. ENFPs almost always have a strong need to be liked.
  14. ENFPs work best in situations where they have a lot of flexibility, and where they can work with people and ideas.
  15. ENFPs are warm, enthusiastic people, typically very bright and full of potential.
  16. Most ENFPs have great people skills.
  17. They have an exceptional ability to intuitively understand a person after a very short period of time, and use their flexibility to relate to others on their own level.
  18. They are alert and sensitive, constantly scanning their environments.
  19. ENFPs who remain centered will usually be quite successful at their endeavors.
  20. ENFPs may fall into the habit of dropping a project when they become excited about a new possibility, and thus they never achieve the great accomplishments which they are capable of achieving.
  21. ENFPs have an unusually broad range of skills and talents.
  22. Sometimes ENFPs will tend to be “gushy” and insincere, and “overdo” in an effort to win acceptance.
  23. Their enthusiasm lends them the ability to inspire and motivate others, more so than we see in other types.
  24. They live in the world of possibilities, and can become very passionate and excited about things.
  25. An ENFP who has “gone wrong” may be quite manipulative – and very good it.
  26. They are genuinely warm and interested in people, and place great importance on their inter-personal relationships.
  27. They see meaning in everything, and are on a continuous quest to adapt their lives to their inner purpose.
  28. An ENFP needs to focus on following through with their projects.
  29. They place no importance on detailed, maintenance-type tasks, and will frequently remain oblivious to these types of concerns.

28 points about INFJ – Portrait and Description

28 Points Concerning the INFJ Personality Type
Click here to take a free MBTI test.
If you don’t know whether you’re INFJ or INFP, click here to take the INFP or INFJ Test.

  1. INFJs have to find some way to sort out their feelings from the feelings of others – if not in writing or art, then in an expression of religious faith, or the effort to help others to express themselves.
  2. Because INFJs are so alert to the unsaid, they may find it difficult to sort out their own emotions from the mood and feelings they discern in others.
  3. INFJs are exquisitely sensitive to nuance and suggestion – all the ways we unwittingly express how we feel, who we are, what we believe about ourselves and others.
  4. Young INFJs, in particular, are sometimes labeled hyper-sensitive or melodramatic, because their self-experience is tied to others emotional boundaries.
  5. INFJs wrestle all their lives with the conflict they perceive maintaining harmonious relationships and expressing emotional truth, and it is a central issue in the books, novels, plays, and psychological articles that INFJs write.
  6. INFJs are also capable of turning their inner experience into trenchant social commentary – by finding their truest voice and using it.
  7. Their personal approach and ability to find common ground with others combines with their intuitive need for innovation and alternative views.
  8. Like INTJs, INFJs have a tendency to use their secondary function for protection – for example, to distance themselves from a relationship that demands too much of them emotionally.
  9. Optimally, they bring their emotional insights into the community as art, or they use them to help others come to terms with conflict in their own lives.
  10. The INFJs sense of physical well-being is very much allied with their relationships and emotional investments.
  11. INFJs frequently express themselves indirectly, depending on unstated implications to carry their meaning, and they can be put off by too direct a reference to something that is of great value to them.
  12. Types who do this can become a potent focal point for others’ unexpressed fears and yearnings.
  13. They often have a gift for verbal imagery and they are sometimes capable of raising to consciousness something that others can only dimly sense.
  14. They are particularly sensitive to others’ feelings of exclusion, and they may address or try to rectify inequities of status or opportunity within the context of their profession.
  15. However, if their inner life is not balanced with reality, they may feel so different from others that they become self-conscious and defensive.
  16. INFJs require a sense of meaning in the work they do.
  17. Their primary relationship is to their inner world, and they are receptive to others only up to a point.
  18. It should be recognized that INFJs and more like INTJs than they initially appear.
  19. Unlike INTJs however, their sense of the unexpressed is oriented by emotional awareness.
  20. They may be drawn to dysfunctional people, romanticizing their ability to see something in them that others cannot see.
  21. Their 1 percent representation in the population belies the tremendous influence these types have in shaping cultural ideas about identity and being true to oneself.
  22. When they are able to use their Extroverted Feeling function well, they bring their vision back into the public domain; they find a way to integrate it into the fabric of the community.
  23. These types often find that their sympathy and perceptive listening have been mistaken for an overture of friendship, which they didn’t intend.
  24. Because INFJs use Fe to relate to the outer would, they may seem more outgoing than they really are.
  25. They are not interested in the precision of language, as INTJs are, but in its rich possibilities for metaphor and multiple layers of meaning.
  26. Their intuition takes them into psychological areas that other types are likely to keep at bay.
  27. People appreciate their ability to listen and to consider group feelings and values.
  28. They are entirely capable of meeting the expected surface demands of a situation, all the while nursing secret criticisms of a partner or a friend.

35 Points about ENTP – Portrait and Description

35 Points Concerning the ENTP Personality Type
Click here to take a free MBTI test.

  1. All ETP types emphasize the value of personal freedom, and ENTPs are inclined to draw from their tertiary function, Extraverted Feeling, to disarm people before they’re able to exert control.
  2. Introverted Thinking gives ENTPs a sense of the ties that bind in the complex weave of life relationships.
  3. The full maturation of an ENTP usually depends on the type’s willingness to use Introverted Thinking for perspective on—as well as support for—the aims of dominant Intuition.
  4. ENTPs are aggressive, expansive, and opportunistic in the best sense of the word.
  5. For this reason, others can experience the ENTP as alternately seductive, impatient, and indifferent, and such types are not above intimidating; people with the mercurial nature of their mind.
  6. A self-disciplined ENTP is extremely attractive to others, because people sense the kind of power that has been harnessed to the task.
  7. ENTPs need to turn deliberately to their secondary function (Ti) in order to realize their full potential.
  8. ENTPs don’t always recognize their responsibility to the situations they’ve created and to the people who care about them.
  9. The thrill of being tested beyond their own resources is so pleasurable to ENTPs that they may take unnecessary chances simply for the opportunity to improvise and beat the odds.
  10. ENTPs may extend i beyond their own lifetime to change the way we understand reality.
  11. Introverted Sensation (Si) is the ENTP’s inferior function, and the type’s behaviors generally bear this out.
  12. When combined with Extraverted Intuition, Introverted Thinking can be highly cerebral, and it usually involves a complex imaginary pattern of relationships.
  13. ENTPs may be somewhat deficient in the Feeling and Sensate aspects of life.
  14. ENTPs are easily bored, and their attention span can be ruthlessly short.
  15. An ENTP salesperson might pull together a host of small details and recognize in one mental image how a customer is likely to respond to a product.
  16. ENTPs are not necessarily aware of others’ needs or weaknesses.
  17. ENTPs want the freedom to change their direction at any given moment.
  18. This may not be apparent right away, because ENTPs can relate with great charm in the pursuit of a goal that interests them.
  19. Extreme types can seem downright hypomanic or anti-social (research courtesy of CelebrityTypes.com) —unable to contain their own energy, intolerant, impulsive, full of passionate conviction, certain that ordinary rules don’t apply to their own behaviors.
  20. Once engaged, ENTPs are completely invested in their work— eating, sleeping, and dreaming their particular vision.
  21. ENTPs assume that everyone is as strong and self-assertive as they are and as capable of defending their own interests.
  22. ENTPs take chances by being mavericks.
  23. The ENTP’s disinterest in n hierarchy and ad displays of status can result in a disarmingly direct and unpretentious style of relating.
  24. A shipping clerk who had been talking to a famous ENTP scientist in the hall of a major research center was amazed to find out who his conversational partner had been. He didn’t speak like he was important at all!
  25. ENTPs can easily forget about their physical needs.
  26. In their self-motivation and hunger for experience, ENTPs are not unlike the ESTPs.
  27. ENTP politicians generally outline “wholistic” plans that paradoxically promise more localized control.
  28. They have real vitality, enjoy life, like to laugh, and relish socialization hat involves a freewheeling exchange of views and ideas.
  29. Like all Intuitives, they can be playful, but their sense of play is generally confrontational, and they may have a tendency to “test” people with a barrage of puns or bantering remarks.
  30. Unless they are discovering something new, pursuing a hunch, or acquiring another angle on a persistent question, they are likely to be restless and agitated.
  31. It tempers the type’s need to resist control by disarming others with charm and one-upmanship.
  32. It’s a rare ENTP who hasn’t thrown out the baby with the bath-water somewhere along the line.
  33. An ENTP’s curiosity, drive, and force of will are highly charismatic.
  34. They may feel manipulated and exploited by people who need too much from them.
  35. They recognize themselves as part of an ongoing process, and they keep adjusting their behaviors in terms of the whole picture.

INTJ – Portrait et description

Les INTJ vivent dans le monde des idées et des plans stratégiques. L’intelligence, la connaissance et la compétence ont une grande valeur à leurs yeux. Ils ont généralement dans ces domaines-là de hauts standards, qu’ils essaient sans cesse d’atteindre.

chess-pieces 2b Les INTJ concentrent leur énergie sur l’observation du monde et passent leur temps à trouver des idées et des possibilités. Leur esprit ne cesse de recueillir des informations et de faire des associations. Ils sont extrêmement judicieux et comprennent en général les nouvelles idées rapidement. Cependant, leur intérêt principal n’est pas de comprendre un concept donné, mais de l’appliquer d’une manière utile. Contrairement aux INTP, ils ne vont pas au fond des choses, ils cherchent uniquement à bien comprendre les idées. Leur objectif est de parvenir à des conclusions et leur besoin de classement et d’organisation les pousse bien souvent à agir.

La grande valeur que les INTJ donnent aux systèmes et à l’organisation et leur discernement naturel fait d’eux d’excellents scientifiques. Un INTJ scientifique donne un cadeau à la société en mettant ses idées sous une forme utile que les autres seront en mesure de suivre. Il n’est pas facile pour un INTJ d’exprimer ses images internes, ses perceptions et abstractions. La forme interne des pensées et concepts des INTJ est très personnalisée, et elle peut difficilement être traduite en une forme que les autres pourront comprendre. Au lieu de traduire directement leurs pensées, les INTJ seront  contraints de traduire leurs idées en une forme facilement explicable. Ils ne voient généralement pas l’utilité de traiter directement avec les gens et auront des difficultés à exprimer leurs idées. Cependant leur grande estime pour la connaissance et l’intelligence les motivera à s’expliquer face à une personne qu’ils jugeront être digne de leurs efforts.

Les INTJ sont des leaders naturels, même s’ils préfèrent généralement rester dans l’ombre jusqu’à ce qu’ils voient qu’ils y a une réelle nécessité à prendre les commandes. Lorsqu’ils sont dans le rôle du leader, ils sont assez efficaces, car ils sont en mesure de voir la réalité d’une situation d’une manière objective et ils font preuve d’assez de souplesse pour changer les choses qui ne marchent pas bien. Ils sont des stratèges suprêmes : cherchant constamment les idées et concepts disponibles et les comparant à leur stratégie actuelle, pour planifier chaque éventualité imaginable.

Les INTJ passent énormément  de temps plongés dans leurs pensées et ils s’intéressent en général peu aux pensées et aux idées  des autres. A moins que leur coté sensible soit développé, ils auront du mal à donner aux autres le niveau d’intimité qu’ils recherchent.

Les INTJ sont ambitieux, posés, ont confiance en eux, et sont des penseurs à long-terme. Beaucoup d’INTJ finissent dans le domaine de l’ingénierie ou dans la recherche scientifique, même si quelques-uns trouvent le monde des affaires assez stimulant, surtout dans les secteurs qui requièrent l’organisation et la planification stratégique. Ils détestent le désordre et l’inefficacité, et tout ce qui est confus et pas clair. Ils ont une grande estime pour la clarté et l’efficacité et mettront énormément d’énergie et de temps afin de consolider leurs idées en des modèles structurés.

Lorsqu’ils sont sous pression, les INTJ peuvent devenir obsédés par les activités sensorielles, répétitives et abrutissantes comme la surconsommation d’alcool. Ils auront aussi tendance à être absorbé par les petits détails qu’ils ne considéreraient normalement pas importants pour leur objectif global.

Les INTJ ont énormément d’aptitudes à accomplir de grandes choses. Ils ont la capacité de voir la situation dans son ensemble, et sont enclin à synthétiser leurs concepts en des plans d’actions solides. Leur capacité de raisonnement leur donne les moyens de le faire. Les INTJ sont la plupart du temps des gens très compétents et n’auront aucun problème à atteindre leurs objectifs de carrière ou d’éducation. Ils ont le potentiel pour faire de grandes avancées dans ces domaines là. Dans le plan personnel, l’INTJ qui pratique la tolérance et fait beaucoup d’efforts pour communiquer ces idées aux autres a toutes les chances de vivre une vie riche et gratifiante.